Dubrovnik , historically known as Ragusa , is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Situated in an exclave, it is connected to the rest of the country by the Pelješac Bridge. Its total population is 42,615 . In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in recognition of its outstanding medieval architecture and fortified old town.
Dubrovnik has a borderline humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate in the Köppen climate classification, since only one summer month has less than 40 mm of rainfall, preventing it from being classified as solely humid subtropical or Mediterranean. Dubrovnik has hot, muggy, moderately dry summers and mild to cool wet winters. The bora wind blows cold gusts down the Adriatic coast between October and April, and thundery conditions are common all the year round, even in summer, when they interrupt the warm, sunny days. The air temperatures can slightly vary, depending on the area or region. Typically, in July and August daytime maximum temperatures reach 28 °C , and at night drop to around 23 °C . In Spring and Autumn maximum temperatures are typically between 20 °C and 28 °C . Winters are among the mildest of any Croatian city, with daytime temperatures around 13 °C in the coldest months. Snow in Dubrovnik is very rare.
The annual Dubrovnik Summer Festival is a 45-day-long cultural event with live plays, concerts, and games. It has been awarded a Gold International Trophy for Quality by the Editorial Office in collaboration with the Trade Leaders Club.
The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as Ragusa was founded by refugees from Epidaurum . It was under the protection of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of the Republic of Venice. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a free state. The prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa, it achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries, as it became notable for its wealth and skilled diplomacy. At the same time, Dubrovnik became a cradle of Croatian literature.
Air temperature
average annual: 16.4 °C
average of coldest period: January, 10 °C
average of warmest period: August, 25.8 °C
Sea temperature
average May–September: 18.7–25.5 °C
Salinity
approximately 3.8%
Precipitation
average annual: 1,020.8 mm
average annual rain days: 109.2
Sunshine
average annual: 2629 hours
average daily hours: 7.2 hoursThe patron saint of the city is Sveti Vlaho , whose statues are seen around the city. He has an importance similar to that of St. Mark the Evangelist to Venice. One of the larger churches in city is named after Saint Blaise.
February 3 is the feast of Sveti Vlaho , who is the city's patron saint. Every year the city of Dubrovnik celebrates the holiday with Mass, parades, and festivities that last for several days.
The entire city was almost destroyed when a devastating earthquake hit in 1667. During the Napoleonic Wars, Dubrovnik was occupied by the French Empire forces, and then the Republic of Ragusa was abolished and incorporated into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and later into the Illyrian Provinces. Later on, in the early 19th to early 20th century, Dubrovnik was part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austrian Empire. Dubrovnik became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia immediately upon its creation, and it was incorporated into its Zeta Banovina in 1929, before becoming part of the Banovina of Croatia upon its creation in 1939. During World War II, it was part of the Axis puppet state Independent State of Croatia, before being reincorporated into SR Croatia in SFR Yugoslavia.
hideClimate data for Dubrovnik
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C
18.4
24.1
26.8
30.2
32.9
37.3
37.9
38.4
33.5
30.5
25.4
20.3
38.4
Average high °C
12.3
12.6
14.4
16.9
21.5
25.3
28.2
28.5
25.1
21.1
16.6
13.4
19.7
Daily mean °C
9.2
9.4
11.1
13.8
18.3
22.0
24.6
24.8
21.4
17.6
13.3
10.3
16.3
Average low °C
6.6
6.8
8.4
11.0
15.3
18.9
21.4
21.6
18.4
14.9
10.7
7.8
13.5
Record low °C
−7.0
−5.2
−4.2
1.6
5.2
10.0
14.1
14.1
8.5
4.5
−1.0
−6.0
−7.0
Average precipitation mm
98.3
97.9
93.1
91.4
70.1
44.0
28.3
72.5
86.1
120.1
142.3
119.8
1,064
Average precipitation days
11.2
11.2
11.2
12.0
9.4
6.4
4.7
5.1
7.2
10.8
12.4
12.0
113.6
Average relative humidity
59.9
58.4
61.2
64.2
66.7
63.8
58.2
59.2
61.9
62.2
62.4
60.3
61.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours
130.2
142.8
179.8
207.0
266.6
312.0
347.2
325.5
309.0
189.1
135.0
124.0
2,668.2
Source: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service
The Old Town of Dubrovnik is depicted on the reverse of the Croatian 50 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2002.
In 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence, Dubrovnik was besieged by the Yugoslav People's Army for seven months and suffered significant damage from shelling. After undergoing repair and restoration works in the 1990s and early 2000s, it re-emerged as one of the Mediterranean's top tourist destinations, as well as a popular filming location.
hideClimate data for Dubrovnik
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average sea temperature °C
14.1
14.2
14.4
15.6
18.7
23.1
25.5
25.4
24.3
20.7
18.2
15.7
19.2
Mean daily daylight hours
9.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
14.0
12.0
11.0
10.0
9.0
12.2
Average Ultraviolet index
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
8
6
4
2
1
4.8
Source: Weather Atlas
The city boasts many old buildings, such as the Arboretum Trsteno, the oldest arboretum in the world, which dates back to before 1492. Also, the third-oldest European pharmacy and the oldest still in operation, having been founded in 1317, is in Dubrovnik, at the Little Brothers monastery.